Izingxenye zezimoto ngokuvamile zibhekisela kuzo zonke izingxenye nezingxenye ngaphandle kohlaka lwemoto. Phakathi kwazo, izingxenye zibhekisela engxenyeni eyodwa engakwazi ukuhlukaniswa. Ingxenye iyinhlanganisela yezingxenye ezenza isenzo (noma umsebenzi). Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo komnotho waseShayina kanye nokuthuthuka kancane kancane kwezinga lokusebenzisa izakhamuzi, siyanda isidingo sezingxenye zezimoto zezimoto ezintsha.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kobunikazi bezimoto e-China, isidingo sezingxenye ezisele emakethe yangemuva efana nokugcinwa kwemoto nokuguqulwa kwemoto sikhula kancane kancane, futhi izidingo zezingxenye ezisele ziya ngokuya ziya phezulu. Imboni yezingxenye zezimoto yaseChina yenze impumelelo emihle eminyakeni yamuva nje.
1. Iphrofayili Yemboni: Ukufakwa okubanzi nemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene.
Izingxenye zezimoto ngokuvamile zibhekisela kuzo zonke izingxenye nezingxenye ngaphandle kohlaka lwemoto. Phakathi kwazo, izingxenye zibhekisela engxenyeni eyodwa engakwazi ukuhlukaniswa. Iyunithi iyinhlanganisela yezingxenye ezisebenzisa isenzo noma umsebenzi. Ingxenye ingaba yingxenye eyodwa noma inhlanganisela yezingxenye. Kule nhlanganisela, ingxenye eyodwa iyona eyinhloko, eyenza isenzo esihlosiwe (noma umsebenzi), kuyilapho ezinye izingxenye zenza kuphela imisebenzi yokusiza yokuhlanganisa, ukubopha, ukuqondisa, njll.
Imoto ngokuvamile yakhiwa izingxenye ezine eziyisisekelo: injini, i-chassis, umzimba nezinto zikagesi. Ngakho-ke, zonke izinhlobo zemikhiqizo yokuhlukanisa izingxenye zezimoto zithathwe kulezi zingxenye ezine eziyisisekelo. Ngokwemvelo yezingxenye nezingxenye, zingahlukaniswa ngesistimu yenjini, isistimu yamandla, isistimu yokudlulisa, isistimu yokumiswa, isistimu yamabhuleki, isistimu kagesi nokunye (izimpahla ezijwayelekile, amathuluzi okulayisha, njll.).
2. I-panorama ye-industrial chain.
Izimboni ezikhuphukayo nezingezansi zokukhiqiza izingxenye zezimoto ikakhulukazi zibhekisela embonini yazo ehlobene yokuhlinzeka kanye nezidingo. Ukwanda kochungechunge lwemboni yokukhiqiza izingxenye zezimoto ikakhulukazi kufaka phakathi izimakethe ezihlinzeka ngezinto ezingavuthiwe, okuhlanganisa insimbi nensimbi, izinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi, izinto zikagesi, amapulasitiki, irabha, ukhuni, ingilazi, izitsha zobumba, isikhumba, njll.
Phakathi kwazo, isidingo esikhulu sezinto zokusetshenziswa yinsimbi nensimbi, izinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi, izingxenye ze-electronic, ipulasitiki, irabha, ingilazi. Umfula ongezansi uhlanganisa abakhiqizi bezimoto, izitolo zezimoto ze-4S, izitolo zokukhanda izimoto, izingxenye zezimoto kanye nabakhiqizi bezinsiza kanye nezimboni zokulungisa izimoto, njll.
Umthelela wokukhuphuka komfula embonini yezingxenye zezimoto ikakhulukazi esicini sezindleko. Ukushintsha kwentengo yezinto zokusetshenziswa (okuhlanganisa insimbi, i-aluminium, ipulasitiki, irabha, njll.) kuhlobene ngokuqondile nezindleko zokwenziwa kwemikhiqizo yezingxenye zezimoto. Umthelela wokwehla komfula ezinxenyeni zezimoto ikakhulukazi ekufunekeni kwemakethe nokuncintisana kwemakethe.
3. Ukukhuthazwa kwenqubomgomo: Ukuhlelwa kwenqubomgomo kuvame ukusetshenziswa ukuze kukhuliswe ukukhula okunempilo kwemboni.
Njengoba imoto ngayinye idinga izingxenye zezimoto ezingaba ngu-10 000, futhi lezi zingxenye zihileleke ezimbonini nasezinkundleni ezahlukene, kunegebe elikhulu kumazinga obuchwepheshe, izindlela zokukhiqiza nezinye izici. Njengamanje, izinqubomgomo zikazwelonke ezihlobene nokukhiqizwa kwezingxenye zezimoto zisatshalaliswa kakhulu kuzinqubomgomo zikazwelonke ezihlobene nemboni yezimoto.
Sekukonke, izwe ligqugquzela ukulungiswa nokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezimoto yaseShayina, likhuthaza ucwaningo nentuthuko kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezimoto ezizimele ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ezinobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, nokugcina ukwesekwa okukhulu kwezimoto ezintsha ezisebenza ngamandla. Ukukhishwa kochungechunge lwezinqubomgomo zemboni yezimoto ngokungangabazeki kubeka phambili izidingo eziphakeme zemboni yezingxenye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuze kuthuthukiswe intuthuko enhle nenempilo yemboni yezingxenye zezimoto yaseShayina, iminyango efanelekile yaseShayina ikhiphe izinhlelo zokuthuthukiswa kwenqubomgomo ehlobene nezimboni eminyakeni yamuva nje.
Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo yezimoto kuya ngesivinini usuku nosuku, okudinga ukuthi imboni yezingxenye zezimoto isheshise ukuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe, ukuhlinzeka ngemikhiqizo edingwa yimakethe; Kungenjalo, izobhekana nenkinga engahlangani yokunikezwa kanye nesidingo, okuholela ekungalinganini kwesakhiwo kanye nokusalela emuva komkhiqizo.
4. Isimo samanje sosayizi wemakethe: Imali engenayo evela ebhizinisini elikhulu iyaqhubeka nokukhula.
Ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto ezintsha zaseShayina kunikeza indawo yokuthuthukiswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe imakethe yezingxenye zezimoto ezintsha zaseChina, kuyilapho inani elandayo lezimoto, ukunakekelwa kwezimoto kanye nesidingo sezingxenye zokuhlanza nakho kuyakhula, okugqugquzela ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwemboni yezingxenye zezimoto yaseChina. Ngo-2019, ngaphansi kwethonya lezici ezinjengokwehla kwemakethe yezimoto, ukwehla koxhaso lwezimoto ezintsha zamandla, kanye nokukhuphuka kancane kancane kwamazinga okukhipha umoya, izinkampani eziyingxenye zibhekene nengcindezi engakaze ibonwe. Kodwa-ke, imboni yokukhiqiza izingxenye zezimoto yaseChina isakhombisa ukukhula okuqhubekayo. Ngokwezibalo ze-China Association of Automobile Manufacturers ezinkampanini eziyi-13,750 zezingxenye zezimoto ezingaphezu kobukhulu obumisiwe, imali enqwabelene yebhizinisi labo eliyinhloko ifinyelele ku-3.6 trillion yuan, ikhuphuke ngo-0.35% unyaka nonyaka. Ngokwezilinganiso zokuqala, imali enkulu engenayo yebhizinisi embonini yokukhiqiza izingxenye zezimoto yaseChina ngo-2020 izoba cishe ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-3.74.
Qaphela
1. Idatha yezinga lokukhula lonyaka nonyaka iyahlukahluka unyaka nonyaka ngenxa yezinguquko enanini lamabhizinisi elingaphezu kosayizi omisiwe. Idatha yonyaka wonke iyidatha yokukhiqiza yamabhizinisi ngaphezu kosayizi oqokiwe ngonyaka ofanayo.
2. Idatha yango-2020 iyidatha yokubala yokuqala futhi ingeyereferensi kuphela.
Umkhuba wokuthuthuka: I-aftermarket yezimoto isiphenduke indawo enkulu yokukhula.
Bethonywe ukuthambekela kwenqubomgomo “yokulungisa izimoto nezingxenye ezilula”, amabhizinisi ezingxenye zezimoto zaseChina kudala abhekana nenkinga yokungasebenzi kahle kobuchwepheshe. Inani elikhulu labahlinzeki bezingxenye zezimoto abancane nabaphakathi banomugqa owodwa womkhiqizo, okuqukethwe kobuchwepheshe obuphansi kanye nekhono elibuthakathaka lokumelana nezingozi zangaphandle. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukukhuphuka kwezindleko zezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nabasebenzi kwenza umkhawulo wenzuzo wamabhizinisi wezingxenye zezimoto uguquguquke futhi ushibilike.
"Uhlelo Lokuthuthukiswa Kwesikhathi Esimaphakathi Neside Semboni Yezimoto" lubonisa ukuthi ukuhlakulela abahlinzeki bezingxenye ezinokuncintisana kwamanye amazwe, ukwakha uhlelo oluphelele lwezimboni kusukela ezingxenyeni kuya ezimotweni. Ngo-2020, kuzokwakhiwa inani lamaqembu ezinkampani zezingxenye zezimoto ezinesilinganiso samayuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-100; Ngo-2025, amaqembu amaningana ezinkampani zezingxenye zezimoto azokwakhiwa kwabayishumi abahamba phambili emhlabeni.
Esikhathini esizayo, ngaphansi kokusekelwa kwenqubomgomo, amabhizinisi ezingxenye zezimoto aseShayina kancane kancane azothuthukisa izinga lobuchwepheshe kanye nekhono lokusungula izinto ezintsha, asebenzise ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo bezingxenye ezibalulekile; Eqhutshwa ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkampani ezizimele zezimoto, amabhizinisi ezingxenye zasekhaya azokwandisa kancane kancane isabelo sawo semakethe, futhi ingxenye yemikhiqizo yangaphandle noma ehlanganyelwe izokwehla.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-China ihlose ukwakha inqwaba yamaqembu ezingxenye zezimoto eziyishumi eziphezulu emhlabeni ngo-2025. Ukuhlanganiswa embonini kuzokwanda, futhi izinsiza zizogxilwa ezinkampanini ezinkulu. Njengoba ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto nokuthengisa kufinyelela ophahleni, ukuthuthukiswa kwezingxenye zezimoto emkhakheni wezinto ezintsha zezimoto kunqunyelwe, futhi imakethe enkulu emva kokuthengisa izoba ngenye yezindawo zokukhula embonini yezingxenye zezimoto.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-23-2022
