Izingxenye zezimoto zivame ukubhekisela kuzo zonke izingxenye nezingxenye ngaphandle kohlaka lwemoto. Phakathi kwazo, izingxenye zibhekisela engxenyeni eyodwa engenakuhlukaniswa. Ingxenye iyinhlanganisela yezingxenye ezisebenzisa isenzo (noma umsebenzi). Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo komnotho waseShayina kanye nokuthuthuka kancane kancane kwezinga lokusetshenziswa kwezakhamuzi, isidingo sezingxenye zezimoto ezintsha siyakhula.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobunikazi bezimoto eShayina, isidingo sezingxenye ezisele emakethe yangemuva njengokulungiswa kwezimoto nokuguqulwa kwezimoto sikhula kancane kancane, futhi izidingo zezingxenye ezisele ziya ngokuya zikhuphuka. Imboni yezingxenye zezimoto yaseShayina yenze impumelelo enhle eminyakeni yamuva nje.
1. Iphrofayili Yemboni: Ukusabalala okubanzi kanye nemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene.
Izingxenye ezizenzakalelayo zivame ukubhekisela kuzo zonke izingxenye kanye nezingxenye ngaphandle kohlaka lwemoto. Phakathi kwazo, izingxenye zibhekisela engxenyeni eyodwa engenakuhlukaniswa. Iyunithi iyinhlanganisela yezingxenye ezisebenzisa isenzo noma umsebenzi. Ingxenye ingaba yingxenye eyodwa noma inhlanganisela yezingxenye. Kulokhu kuhlanganiswa, ingxenye eyodwa iyona eyinhloko, eyenza isenzo esihlosiwe (noma umsebenzi), kanti ezinye izingxenye zenza imisebenzi yokusiza kuphela yokuhlanganisa, ukubopha, ukuqondisa, njll.
Imoto ngokuvamile yakhiwa izingxenye ezine eziyisisekelo: injini, ishasi, umzimba kanye nemishini kagesi. Ngakho-ke, zonke izinhlobo zemikhiqizo yokuhlukanisa izingxenye zezimoto zitholakala kulezi zingxenye ezine eziyisisekelo. Ngokwemvelo yezingxenye nezingxenye, zingahlukaniswa zibe uhlelo lwenjini, uhlelo lwamandla, uhlelo lokudlulisa, uhlelo lokumiswa, uhlelo lwamabhuleki, uhlelo lukagesi kanye nokunye (izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezijwayelekile, amathuluzi okulayisha, njll.).
2. Iphaneli yochungechunge lwezimboni.
Izimboni ezikhiqiza izingxenye zezimoto ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezisezingeni eliphansi zibhekisela kakhulu ezimbonini zazo zokuhlinzeka nezidingo ezihlobene. Izimboni ezikhiqiza izingxenye zezimoto ezisezingeni eliphezulu zihlanganisa kakhulu izimakethe ezihlinzeka ngezinto zokusetshenziswa, okuhlanganisa insimbi nensimbi, izinsimbi ezingezona insimbi, izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi, ipulasitiki, irabha, ukhuni, ingilazi, izinto zobumba, isikhumba, njll.
Phakathi kwazo, isidingo esikhulu sezinto zokusetshenziswa yinsimbi nensimbi, izinsimbi ezingezona i-ferrous, izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi, ipulasitiki, irabha, ingilazi. Ingxenye engezansi ihlanganisa abakhiqizi bezimoto, izitolo zezimoto ze-4S, izitolo zokulungisa izimoto, abakhiqizi bezingxenye zezimoto nezesekeli kanye nezimboni zokuguqula izimoto, njll.
Umthelela wezinga eliphezulu embonini yezingxenye zezimoto ugxile kakhulu ezindlekoni. Ukushintsha kwentengo yezinto zokusetshenziswa (kufaka phakathi insimbi, i-aluminium, ipulasitiki, irabha, njll.) kuhlobene ngqo nezindleko zokukhiqiza imikhiqizo yezingxenye zezimoto. Ithonya lezinga eliphansi ezingxenyeni zezimoto lisekudingweni kwemakethe kanye nokuncintisana kwemakethe.
3. Ukukhuthazwa kwenqubomgomo: Ukuhlela inqubomgomo kuvame ukusetshenziswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhula okunempilo kwemboni.
Njengoba imoto ngayinye idinga izingxenye zezimoto ezingaba ngu-10,000, futhi lezi zingxenye zihilelekile ezimbonini nasezindaweni ezahlukene, kukhona igebe elikhulu ezindinganisweni zobuchwepheshe, izindlela zokukhiqiza nezinye izici. Njengamanje, izinqubomgomo zikazwelonke ezihlobene nokukhiqizwa kwezingxenye zezimoto zisatshalaliswa kakhulu ezinqubomgomo zikazwelonke ezihlobene nemboni yezimoto.
Sekukonke, izwe likhuthaza ukulungiswa nokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezimoto yaseShayina, likhuthaza ucwaningo nentuthuko kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezimoto zomkhiqizo ezizimele ezisezingeni eliphezulu, zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, kanye nokugcina ukwesekwa okukhulu kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla. Ukukhishwa kochungechunge lwezinqubomgomo zemboni yezimoto ngokungangabazeki kubeke phambili izidingo eziphakeme embonini yezingxenye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuze kukhuthazwe intuthuko enhle nenempilo yemboni yezingxenye zezimoto yaseShayina, iminyango efanele yaseShayina ikhiphe izinhlelo zokuthuthukiswa kwenqubomgomo ezihlobene nemboni eminyakeni yamuva nje.
Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo yezimoto kuyashesha usuku nosuku, okudinga imboni yezingxenye zezimoto ukuthi isheshise ukusungulwa kwezobuchwepheshe, ihlinzeke ngemikhiqizo edingwa yimakethe; Ngaphandle kwalokho, izobhekana nenkinga yokuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo, okuholela ekungalingani kwesakhiwo kanye nokusilela emuva kwemikhiqizo.
4. Isimo samanje sobukhulu bemakethe: Imali engenayo evela ebhizinisini eliyinhloko iyaqhubeka nokukhula.
Ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto ezintsha eShayina kunikeza indawo yokuthuthukiswa kwemakethe yezingxenye zezimoto ezintsha zaseShayina ezisekela izingxenye, kuyilapho inani elikhulayo lezimoto, ukulungiswa kwezimoto kanye nesidingo sezingxenye zokulungisa kabusha nalo likhula, okukhuthaza ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwemboni yezingxenye zezimoto zaseShayina. Ngo-2019, ngaphansi kwethonya lezici ezifana nokwehla kwemakethe yezimoto iyonke, ukwehla kwezibonelelo zezimoto ezintsha zamandla, kanye nokwenyuka kancane kancane kwezindinganiso zokukhishwa kwegesi, izinkampani zezingxenye zibhekene nengcindezi engakaze ibonwe. Kodwa-ke, imboni yokukhiqiza izingxenye zezimoto yaseShayina isabonisa ukukhula okuqhubekayo. Ngokwezibalo ze-China Association of Automobile Manufacturers ezinkampanini zezingxenye zezimoto ezingu-13,750 ezingaphezu kosayizi oqokiwe, imali engenayo eqongelelekayo yebhizinisi labo eliyinhloko ifinyelele ku-3.6 trillion yuan, ekhuphuke ngo-0.35% ngonyaka. Ngokusho kwezilinganiso zokuqala, imali engenayo yebhizinisi eliyinhloko embonini yokukhiqiza izingxenye zezimoto yaseShayina ngo-2020 izoba cishe yi-3.74 trillion yuan.
Inothi
1. Idatha yesilinganiso sokukhula konyaka nonyaka iyahlukahluka unyaka nonyaka ngenxa yezinguquko enanini lamabhizinisi angaphezu kosayizi oqokiwe. Idatha yonyaka nonyaka yonke iyidatha yokukhiqizwa kwamabhizinisi angaphezu kosayizi oqokiwe ngonyaka ofanayo.
2. Idatha ka-2020 iyidatha yokubala yokuqala futhi ingeyereferensi kuphela.
Umkhuba wentuthuko: Imakethe yezimoto ngemuva kokuthengiswa kwezimoto isibe yindawo enkulu yokukhula.
Ethonywe ukuthambekela kwenqubomgomo "yokuguqula izimoto nezingxenye ezilula", amabhizinisi ezingxenye zezimoto aseShayina abhekane nenkinga yobuchwepheshe obungenamsebenzi isikhathi eside. Inani elikhulu labahlinzeki bezingxenye zezimoto ezincane neziphakathi banomugqa owodwa womkhiqizo, okuqukethwe okuphansi kobuchwepheshe kanye nekhono elibuthakathaka lokumelana nezingozi zangaphandle. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izindleko ezikhulayo zezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nabasebenzi zenza inzuzo yamabhizinisi ezingxenye zezimoto ishintshe futhi ishelele.
“Uhlelo Lokuthuthukiswa Kwemboni Yezimoto Lwesikhathi Esimaphakathi Neside” luveza ukuthi ukuhlakulela abahlinzeki bezingxenye ngokuncintisana kwamazwe ngamazwe, kwakha uhlelo oluphelele lwezimboni kusukela ezingxenyeni kuya ezimotweni. Ngo-2020, kuzokwakhiwa amaqembu ezinkampani zezingxenye zezimoto amaningi anesilinganiso sama-yuan angaphezu kwezigidigidi eziyi-100; Ngo-2025, amaqembu ezinkampani zezingxenye zezimoto amaningana azokwakhiwa phakathi kwabayishumi abaphambili emhlabeni.
Esikhathini esizayo, ngaphansi kokusekelwa kwenqubomgomo, amabhizinisi ezingxenye zezimoto aseShayina azothuthukisa kancane kancane izinga lobuchwepheshe kanye nekhono lokusungula izinto ezintsha, abe yingcweti kwezobuchwepheshe bezingxenye ezibalulekile; Eqhutshwa ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhizinisi ezimoto zohlobo oluzimele, amabhizinisi ezingxenye zasekhaya azokwandisa kancane kancane isabelo sawo semakethe, futhi isilinganiso semikhiqizo yangaphandle noma ehlangene sizoncipha.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iShayina ihlose ukwakha amaqembu amaningi ayi-10 aphezulu ezingxenye zezimoto emhlabeni ngo-2025. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezimboni kuzokwanda, futhi izinsiza zizogxila emabhizinisini amakhulu. Njengoba ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto nokuthengisa kufinyelela ophahleni, ukuthuthukiswa kwezingxenye zezimoto emkhakheni wezesekeli zezimoto ezintsha kunqunyelwe, futhi imakethe enkulu yangemva kokuthengisa izoba enye yezindawo zokukhula kwemboni yezingxenye zezimoto.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-23-2022
